377 research outputs found
Symmetry breaking in tournaments
We provide upper bounds for the determining number and the metric dimension of tournaments. A set of vertices S in V(T) is a determining set for a tournament T if every nontrivial automorphism of T moves at least one vertex of S, while S is a resolving set for T if every two distinct vertices in T have different distances to some vertex in S. We show that the minimum size of a determining set for an order n tournament (its determining number) is bounded by n/3, while the minimum size of a resolving set for an order n strong tournament (its metric dimension) is bounded by n/2. Both bounds are optimal.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Distinguishing tournaments with small label classes
A d-distinguishing vertex (arc) labeling of a digraph is a vertex (arc) labeling using d labels that is not preserved by any nontrivial automorphism. Let ρ(T) (ρ′(T)) be the minimum size of a label class in a 2-distinguishing vertex (arc) labeling of a tournament T. Gluck's Theorem implies that ρ(T) ≤ ⌊n/2⌋ for any tournament T of order n. We construct a family of tournaments ℌ such that ρ(T) ≥ ⌊n/2⌋ for any tournament of order n in ℌ. Additionally, we prove that ρ′(T) ≤ ⌊7n/36⌋ + 3 for any tournament T of order n and ρ′(T) ≥ ⌈n/6⌉ when T ∈ ℌ and has order n. These results answer some open questions stated by Boutin.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Antimagic Labelings of Caterpillars
A -antimagic labeling of a graph is an injection from to
such that all vertex sums are pairwise distinct, where
the vertex sum at vertex is the sum of the labels assigned to edges
incident to . We call a graph -antimagic when it has a -antimagic
labeling, and antimagic when it is 0-antimagic. Hartsfield and Ringel
conjectured that every simple connected graph other than is antimagic,
but the conjecture is still open even for trees. Here we study -antimagic
labelings of caterpillars, which are defined as trees the removal of whose
leaves produces a path, called its spine. As a general result, we use
constructive techniques to prove that any caterpillar of order is -antimagic. Furthermore, if is a caterpillar with a
spine of order , we prove that when has at least leaves or consecutive vertices of degree at
most 2 at one end of a longest path, then is antimagic. As a consequence of
a result by Wong and Zhu, we also prove that if is a prime number, any
caterpillar with a spine of order , or is -antimagic.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
The Oriented Chromatic Number of the Hexagonal Grid is 6
The oriented chromatic number of a directed graph is the minimum order of
an oriented graph to which has a homomorphism. The oriented chromatic
number of a graph family is the maximum oriented
chromatic number over any orientation of any graph in . For the
family of hexagonal grids , Bielak (2006) proved that . Here we close the gap by showing that .Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Symmetry breaking in tournaments
We provide upper bounds for the determining number and the metric dimension of tournaments. A set of vertices S is a determining set for a tournament T if every nontrivial automorphism of T moves at least one vertex of S, while S is a resolving set for T if every two distinct vertices in T have different distances to some vertex in S. We show that the minimum size of a determining set for an order n tournament (its determining number) is bounded by n/3, while the minimum size of a resolving set for an order n strong tournament (its metric dimension) is bounded by n/2. Both bounds are optimal.Postprint (published version
Caterpillars have antimagic orientations
An antimagic labeling of a directed graph D with m arcs is a bijection from the set of arcs of D to {1, . . . , m} such that all oriented vertex sums of vertices in D are pairwise distinct, where the oriented vertex sum of a vertex u is the sum of labels of all arcs entering u minus the sum of labels of all arcs leaving
u. Hefetz, Mütze, and Schwartz [3] conjectured that every connected graph admits an antimagic orientation, where an
antimagic orientation of a graph G is an orientation of G which has an antimagic labeling. We use a constructive technique to prove that caterpillars, a well-known subclass of trees, have antimagic orientations.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Bounded queries to arbitrary sets
We prove that if P^(A [k])= P^(A [k+1]) for some k and an arbitrary set A, then A
is reducible to its complement under a relativized nondeterministic conjunctive reduction.
This result shows the first known property of arbitrary sets satisfying
this condition, and implies some known facts such as Kadin's theorem (12] and its
extension to the class C=P (4, 7]
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